Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the smooth muscle of the uterus. They are common and affect many women, especially those in their childbearing years (25 to 50 years of age). These growths can vary in size, from tiny ones that are hard to detect to large ones that can change the shape of the uterus. While many women with fibroids don’t have symptoms, others can experience problems, including pain or other health issues that affect their everyday lives.
HOW DID I GET FIBROIDS?
There are several factors that may increase the risk of developing fibroids, including age, family history or ethnicity, early menarche (starting your period young), and vitamin D deficiency. For example, women of African descent are more likely to develop fibroids earlier and with more severe symptoms.
Fibroids grow in response to estrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle. These hormones stimulate the growth of the uterine lining during each cycle and can similarly stimulate fibroid growth. When a woman reaches menopause, hormone levels decrease, which may cause fibroids to shrink; however, certain hormonal treatments that contain estrogen, like birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, may cause fibroids to grow once again.
SYMPTOMS & IMPACT ON WOMEN’S HEALTH
As mentioned, not all women with fibroids have symptoms, but when they do, they can be mild to severe. Some common symptoms may include:
- Heavy periods: This can lead to anemia (a lack of red blood cells), which causes tiredness and weakness.
- Pelvic pain or pressure: Fibroids can cause a feeling of fullness or pain in the lower abdomen.
- Frequent urination: If fibroids press against the bladder, they can cause the need to urinate more often.
- Pain during sex: Some fibroids may cause discomfort during intercourse.
- Pregnancy issues: Fibroids can, in some cases, interfere with pregnancy by affecting implantation, increasing the risk of miscarriage, or contributing to complications like preterm birth, malpositioning (breech), or Cesarean delivery.
For many women, these symptoms can seriously impact their daily life, including physical activity, emotional health, and the ability to get pregnant. While fibroids don’t always cause fertility problems, they can sometimes block fallopian tubes or prevent a fertilised egg from attaching to the uterus. The impact on fertility varies depending on the size, location, and number of fibroids.
DIAGNOSTICS & TREATMENT
To diagnose fibroids, a doctor may perform a physical exam, ultrasound, or MRI. In some cases, procedures such as hysteroscopy (used to view the inside of the uterus) or laparoscopy (to examine the outside of the uterus and surrounding organs) may be used. Although fibroids are not life-threatening, it’s important to manage them to reduce symptoms and prevent future problems.
Conventional Treatment Options
- Medications: Doctors may prescribe hormonal treatments, such as birth control or IUDS, to control heavy bleeding. Sometimes, drugs known as GnRH agonists are used to shrink fibroids temporarily, and may induce a menopause-like state or suppress sex hormones.
- Surgery: If symptoms are severe, surgery might be needed. One option is a myomectomy, where fibroids are removed while keeping the uterus intact. In extreme cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary.
- Uterine artery embolisation (UAE): This minimally invasive procedure blocks the blood vessels that supply the fibroids, causing them to shrink. While effective, UAE may not be suitable for women who are hoping to become pregnant, as it can affect blood flow to the uterus as well.
Although these treatments can help, they may come with side effects or risks. Some women choose natural or alternative treatments to help manage fibroids alongside medical treatments.
Natural Approaches
These options aim to address the underlying causes of fibroids and support symptom management. It’s important to note that these options are not a replacement for medical treatment, as their effectiveness may vary. These options may help to provide some relief from symptoms.
Acupuncture: A key component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been shown to help regulate blood flow to the uterus, reduce pain, and balance hormonal levels. Some studies suggest that acupuncture may reduce fibroid-related symptoms, such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain, and improve fertility outcomes.
Botanical herbs: Certain herbs have traditionally been used to support uterine health and reduce fibroid symptoms. There is some evidence supporting the use of Vitex (chasteberry) and green tea (EGCG) for managing uterine fibroid symptoms, although the research is still limited.
Stress management: Chronic stress can exacerbate hormonal imbalances, potentially contributing to the growth of fibroids. Techniques such as yoga, mindfulness meditation, and deep-breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and support overall well-being.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight, which could help manage symptoms and support wellness.
Anti-inflammatory diet: Diets low in processed foods and high in fruits and vegetables may help reduce systemic inflammation and support hormone balance.
When to See a Healthcare Provider for Fibroids
If you're experiencing symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or difficulty getting pregnant, it's important to see a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications. Additionally, fibroids can change over time, and although treatment may not be needed initially, ongoing monitoring can be helpful. Your provider can help determine whether fibroids are the cause of your symptoms and discuss the best treatment options for your situation.
Conventional treatments like medications and surgery can help, but may come with risks and side effects. For those seeking natural options, lifestyle changes, acupuncture, herbs, and stress management techniques may offer some relief. If you have fibroids, it’s best to work with your healthcare provider to find a treatment plan that works for you.
