Cervical health isn’t something most people often think about until they prepare for a Pap test. But understanding how to care for your cervix, and why screening matters, can help you feel more informed and empowered in your long-term health.
The title of this article refers to “women,” which reflects how cervical screening is often discussed. But it’s important to note that cervical health is relevant to anyone with a cervix, including trans men, nonbinary, and gender-diverse people. Clear, compassionate care should be available to everyone.
In my practice, I work with people who have already been diagnosed with cervical cancer, and I am passionate about early detection and prevention. I hope to help you feel more informed, confident, and empowered in managing your cervical health.
THE CERVIX
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, connecting the uterus to the vagina. The cervix plays several roles: it allows menstrual blood to exit the body, supports fertility, and dilates during childbirth. Because of its location and structure, the cervix is also one of the few places in the body where we can screen for early cell changes. In Ontario, new guidelines now recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening method. This test looks for high-risk types of HPV, which are more likely to persist and cause changes that could lead to cervical cancer if the infection doesn't clear on its own. If HPV is found, a follow-up Pap test or referral for a colposcopy helps determine if any abnormal cells are present. Routine screening now begins at age 25 and is recommended every five years if results are normal. It’s important to include that while having HPV increases the risk of cervical cancer, the overall risk is still low—80–90 percent of women with HPV will clear the infection within 24 months.
But what if your last test was normal, and something doesn’t feel right? Knowing what to watch for between screenings can help you feel more confident in your health.
SYMPTOMS THAT DESERVE ATTENTION
Cervical cancer often doesn’t cause significant symptoms early on, which is why screening matters, but it’s helpful to know what to watch for. If you are experiencing symptoms, connect with your healthcare team to be reassessed.
- Unusual vaginal bleeding: Pay attention if you are bleeding in between periods, after sex, or after menopause. Bleeding outside of your cycle is not always cancer, but this is often the first symptom reported before a diagnosis of cervical cancer.
- Changes in vaginal discharge: If you are experiencing watery, strong-smelling, or blood-tinged discharge these should be assessed with your doctor.
- Pelvic or lower back pain: Another symptom may be pain, especially if it’s not linked to your cycle or another known cause, like an injury or after a workout.
- Pain during sex: New or persistent discomfort should be checked, too.
These symptoms don’t always mean something serious is going on. Conditions like infections, fibroids, or hormonal shifts can cause similar issues. You know your body best, and it’s always okay to ask your doctor.
HOW TO MAINTAIN CERVICAL HEALTH
You don’t need to do everything all at once. Small, steady shifts can help support your body’s natural defences and make a real difference over time. It’s also important to discuss with your doctor whether additional preventive options, like the HPV vaccine, are appropriate for you.
Immune System Balancing Nutrition
What you eat may play an important role in overall immune health, which can help your body manage HPV infections and maintain cervical cell health. It’s the persistent infections that can cause trouble. Some research suggests that following a healthy dietary pattern, like the Mediterranean diet, for example, may lower the risk of persistent HPV infections and cervical dysplasia. It’s worth noting that other factors like income and access to care can also influence health outcomes. In Canada, cervical cancer more often affects people with lower income and education levels, which may reflect differences in access to screening, treatment, or nutrition.
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET
Incorporating elements of the Mediterranean diet can be a great way to nourish your body. Here are some key features:
- Plenty of vegetables and leafy greens
- Fruits like berries and citrus
- Legumes, beans, and lentils
- Whole grains like quinoa, brown rice, and oats
- Healthy fats from olive oil, nuts, and seeds
- Moderate amounts of fish, poultry, and eggs
- Herbs and spices for flavour instead of excess salt
Immune Strength Through Daily Habits
Your immune system may play an important role in cervical health by clearing high-risk HPV infections. While most infections resolve within one to two years without additional treatment, here are some simple changes that can help:
- Sleep: Aim for 7 to 9 hours. Sleep plays an important role in immune system balance. Research shows that healthy sleep is linked to a lower risk of infections, better recovery, and more effective responses to vaccines.
- Movement: Regular physical activity has been shown to strengthen immune function and reduce inflammation, making it a powerful tool in immune support. Try to aim for 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week.
- Avoid smoking: If you smoke, reducing or quitting may offer significant risk reduction. Smoking weakens the immune response and is linked to a higher risk of persistent HPV infection and cervical cancer progression.
Supplementation
While we are still learning, some nutrients and supplements like folate, vitamins D, A, C, and E, carotenoids, green tea extract, DIM, alpha-lipoic acid, zinc, omega-3s, and probiotics like Lactobacillus crispatus may improve cervical health and help your body manage HPV infections. Supplements may be helpful, but are best when paired with appropriate screening and healthy habits.
Here are a few that stand out in current research:
- Folate (and B Vitamins): Can support healthy cervical cells, and higher intake has been linked to a lower risk of cervical dysplasia.
- Green Tea Extract (EGCG): A compound in green tea that may help the body clear HPV and prevent abnormal cell changes.
- Lactobacillus crispatus M247: A probiotic strain that influences a healthy vaginal microbiome and assists with HPV clearance.
If you're thinking about adding a supplement to strengthen your cervical health, check in with your healthcare provider first. It’s always best to make sure it's safe, appropriate, and fits your overall care plan.
When it comes to cervical health, small, meaningful shifts can go a long way. Maintaining your immune system, eating in a way that nourishes your body, and staying informed all help create a solid foundation for prevention and care.
Even with the best habits, regular screening remains essential. It allows us to catch changes early, when they’re most treatable. So, if something feels off, bring it up with your healthcare provider. If you are navigating cervical dysplasia or managing HPV, know that you’re not alone and that pairing evidence-based care with small, supportive choices can make a meaningful difference.
